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Process and Types of gene therapy

Process of Gene Therapy

The progression of gene therapy remains complex. It needs many techniques for surplus developments. The considerable challenge is to develop successful gene therapy for any kind of particular conditions. In the body, specific cells requiring treatment must be accessible and recognized. To the cells the efficiently delivering working copies of genes must be available. Furthermore, strict genetic links with disease needs to be understood thoroughly




Types of Gene Therapy:


Gene therapy has 2 types:
1
      Germ line gene therapy:
Where by the introduction of functional genes, germ cells (egg or sperm) are modified which are incorporated into their genome. Therefore, we can say that changes due to therapy would be passed on to the later generation; it is heritable. Ideally, in counteracting genetic disease this approach should be highly effective and ethical reasons and hereditary diso technical difficulties make it improbable that germ line therapy in the near future would be tried in human beings. (Mathews Ql et al., 2007)



2       Somatic gene therapy:
Into the somatic cells of a patient, therapeutic genes are transferred. Any effects and modification will not be inherited by the patient to offspring and in later generation the no effects will be shown. It is limited to the individual patient.   (Bank, 1996)


Techniques in gene therapy

To deliver vectors two techniques have been used i.e. ex-vivo and in-vivo.
Ex-vivo
It is the mostly used method in which the extracted cells from patients are used. Firstly, cloning is done by normal genes into the vector. In the next step, the genes which are defective are removed from the patient and assorted with genetically engineered vector. Finally the reinfusion of transfected cells in the patients is done to fight the disease by producing proteins.

In-vivo



In divergence, this technique does not involve cells from the body of patient. Into patient’s body, vectors with the gene which is normal are injected into blood stream to find and bind with targeted cell. In a patient, it is a direct transfer of genetic material.   (Romano G et al., 1999)

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