Process of Gene Therapy
The progression of
gene therapy remains complex. It needs many techniques for surplus
developments. The considerable challenge is to develop successful gene therapy
for any kind of particular conditions. In the body, specific cells requiring
treatment must be accessible and recognized. To the cells the efficiently
delivering working copies of genes must be available. Furthermore, strict
genetic links with disease needs to be understood thoroughly
Types of Gene Therapy:
Gene therapy has
2 types:
1
Germ line gene therapy:
Where by the
introduction of functional genes, germ cells (egg or sperm) are modified which
are incorporated into their genome. Therefore, we can say that changes due to
therapy would be passed on to the later generation; it is heritable. Ideally,
in counteracting genetic disease this approach should be highly effective and
ethical reasons and hereditary diso technical difficulties make it improbable
that germ line therapy in the near future would be tried in human beings. (Mathews
Ql et al., 2007)
2 Somatic gene therapy:
Into the somatic
cells of a patient, therapeutic genes are transferred. Any effects and
modification will not be inherited by the patient to offspring and in later
generation the no effects will be shown. It is limited to the individual
patient. (Bank, 1996)
Techniques
in gene therapy
To deliver vectors two techniques have
been used i.e. ex-vivo and in-vivo.
Ex-vivo
It is the mostly
used method in which the extracted cells from patients are used. Firstly,
cloning is done by normal genes into the vector. In the next step, the genes
which are defective are removed from the patient and assorted with genetically
engineered vector. Finally the reinfusion of transfected cells in the patients
is done to fight the disease by producing proteins.
In-vivo
In divergence, this technique does not
involve cells from the body of patient. Into patient’s body, vectors with the
gene which is normal are injected into blood stream to find and bind with
targeted cell. In a patient, it is a direct transfer of genetic material. (Romano G et al., 1999)
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